ClassX Video Lessons Subjects Artificial Intelligence The Greek myth of Talos, the first robot – Adrienne Mayor
In the realm of ancient mythology, Hephaestus, the god of technology, embarked on one of his most remarkable creations. Tasked with crafting a defense system for King Minos of Crete, Hephaestus sought to protect the island from intruders. Recognizing that mere mortal guards and conventional weapons would not suffice, the visionary god conceived an indomitable defender.
In the fiery depths of his forge, Hephaestus molded his invention into the form of a colossal man. This gleaming bronze figure, endowed with superhuman strength and powered by ichor—the life fluid of the gods—was unlike anything the god had forged before. Hephaestus named his creation Talos, marking the birth of the first robot.
Talos was designed to patrol the island’s perimeter three times a day, vigilantly searching for intruders. Upon spotting ships approaching the coast, he would hurl massive boulders to deter them. If any survivors reached the shore, Talos would heat his metal body until it glowed red-hot, crushing his victims in a fiery embrace. His duties were to be carried out with unwavering consistency, yet beneath his robotic exterior lay an internal life that few could fathom.
Talos’ mettle was soon tested when he encountered a ship of weary adventurers. Jason, Medea, and the Argonauts, returning from their arduous quest for the Golden Fleece, sought refuge on Crete. Despite tales of the island’s invincible bronze guardian, they aimed for a sheltered cove. However, Talos quickly spotted them.
As the Argonauts cowered in fear, the sorceress Medea noticed a glinting bolt on Talos’ ankle. She devised a cunning plan, offering Talos a bargain: she claimed she could grant him immortality in exchange for removing the bolt. Her promise resonated with Talos, who, despite his mechanical nature, harbored a human-like desire for eternal life. Unaware of his vulnerability, Talos agreed.
While Medea chanted incantations, Jason removed the bolt. As Medea had anticipated, the bolt was a critical flaw in Hephaestus’ design. The ichor flowed out like molten lead, draining Talos of his power source. With a thunderous crash, the mighty automaton collapsed, allowing the Argonauts to continue their journey home.
This tale, first recorded around 700 BCE, evokes familiar anxieties about artificial intelligence and serves as an ancient blueprint for science fiction. Historians note that ancient robots were more than mere myths. By the 4th century BCE, Greek engineers had begun creating actual automatons, including robotic servants and flying bird models. However, none were as renowned as Talos, who appeared on Greek coins, vase paintings, public frescoes, and in theatrical performances.
Even 2,500 years ago, the Greeks were exploring the blurred line between human and machine. Like many modern myths about artificial intelligence, Talos’ story is as much about his robotic heart as it is about his mechanical brain. A fifth-century BCE vase painting poignantly captures the dying automaton’s despair, with a tear rolling down his bronze cheek.
Imagine you are Hephaestus, the god of technology. Design your own mythical robot to protect a modern city. Draw your robot and write a short story about its abilities, how it protects the city, and any weaknesses it might have. Share your creation with the class.
Divide into two groups. One group will argue that robots are beneficial for society, while the other group will argue that robots pose risks. Use examples from the story of Talos and modern-day robots to support your arguments. After the debate, discuss what you learned about the pros and cons of robotics.
Using basic materials like cardboard, straws, and rubber bands, create a simple moving automaton. Follow instructions to make a basic model, then try to improve it by adding your own features. Reflect on the challenges Hephaestus might have faced when creating Talos.
Write a diary entry as if you were Talos. Describe a day in your life patrolling Crete, your thoughts about your duties, and your encounter with the Argonauts. Consider how Talos might feel about his existence and his desire for immortality.
Research other examples of ancient Greek technology and automatons. Create a presentation or poster showcasing your findings. Compare these ancient inventions to modern technology and discuss how ancient innovations have influenced today’s world.
Mythology – A collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition. – In Greek mythology, Zeus was the king of the gods.
Hephaestus – The Greek god of fire and metalworking. – Hephaestus was known for creating beautiful weapons and armor for the gods.
Talos – A giant bronze man in Greek mythology who protected the island of Crete. – The Argonauts had to outsmart Talos to continue their journey.
Robot – A machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions automatically, especially one programmable by a computer. – The robot helped the scientists explore the surface of Mars.
Artificial – Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally, typically as a copy of something natural. – The artificial flowers looked so real that it was hard to tell they were not.
Intelligence – The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. – Artificial intelligence is used in many applications, from video games to self-driving cars.
Argonauts – A band of heroes in Greek mythology who accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece. – The Argonauts faced many challenges on their adventurous journey.
Adventure – An unusual and exciting, typically hazardous, experience or activity. – The young hero set out on an adventure to find the lost treasure.
Immortality – The ability to live forever; eternal life. – Many gods in mythology possess immortality, never aging or dying.
Creation – The action or process of bringing something into existence. – The creation of the world is a central theme in many mythologies.
